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Fusos calus
The most noteworthy shell found in the Mokumano Island area was a Cypraea tigris measuring 5-3/4 inches. Other shells
collected include Murex pele, found under a coral slab, Charonia tritonis - 25 - 75 ft. in crevices. All of the Drupa and
Thais [were] attached to coral. Spondylus hawaiensis [were] attached to coral and lava. Limpets of all varieties [are found]
at [the] intertidal zone.
Collecting in Kaneohe Bay offers a wide variety of habitat ranging from mud flats awash at low tide to deep sand channels
with fringing coral reefs. In Kaneohe Bay is located Coconut (Mokuoloe) Island. Shells collected from the shores of this
small island include Cypraea moneta, Cypraea semiplota, Cypraea sulcidentata, Ianthina globosa, and Littorina scabra.
Collectors working other areas of Kaneohe Bay have collected the following shells:
Terebra peasei - 15'- 20' in sand,
T. maculata - 15'- 20' in sand,
T. felina - 15'- 20' in sand,
Hastula casta - 15'- 20' in sand,
H. lauta - 15'- 20' in sand,
Conus leopardus - 15' - 20' in sand,
C. quercinus - 15'- 20' in sand,
C. pulicarius - 15'- 20' in sand,
C. pennaceus - 15'- 20' in sand,
Polinices mamilla - 5'- 10' in sand,
Harpa conoidalis - 30' in sand,
Strombus hawaiensis - 30' in sand.
Off Kualoa and Kualoa Point a number of species have been collected in quite shallow water. They include:
Conus ebraeus, pulicarius, flavidus, abbreviatus, and chaldeaus. Cypraea caputserpentis, and mauritiana have also been
collected in this area. Other families and species include Cymatium tuberosum and gemmatum; Hydatina physis and amplustre;
Torina trochoidea; Cerithium obeliscus; Umbraculum sinicum; Mitra litterata; Strombus maculatus; Alectron picus; and Tonna
perdix.
A few miles up the coast, off the shores of Kaaawa, similar shelling and similar shells have been found. In addition Conus
leopardus, Conus quercinus, and Conus rattus have been collected.
The cowrie fauna of the Austral, or Tubuai, Islands needs further research. As the average temperature of the sea in the
coldest month is at least three centigrade below that of the more equatorial areas, it is to be expected that, in the Austral
Islands, many Polynesian species are absent.
In fact, in my catalogue of cowries indicating the exact distribution of living species (Schilder 1965, Veliger 7:171-183) I
have stated (p. 175) that there is one only species (Luria isabella) known from the Austral Islands hitherto. Later on,
however, Mr. William E. Old, Jr. (New York) has informed me by letter that a contact of his, living in Tubuai Islands, sent
him, prior to 1960, six more cowrie species, and that three more species are in the collection of Mr. Stanley Levine (Long
Island City). The provisional list of cowries living in the Austral Islands therefore rises to ten species and is as follows
(1=indicates Hertlein 1937, 2=American Museum (New York), 3=coll. Levine).
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