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Hammershell
This sounds simple. Actually it is chaotic, because there is no one correct English pronunciation. There is no one and only
one right way of speaking English. For example, let us take an Englishman, a Bostonian, a resident of Alabama, and a native
of Indiana. These four people would probably pronounce the same word in four different ways -- each speaking correctly for
his locality. Add to this the fact that people who speak languages other than English pronounce scientific names with the
sounds and values of their native tongues. According to Kenyon, 6 "a pronunciation is correct when it is in actual use by a
sufficient number of cultivated speakers." This is obviously elastic. The conclusion one must reach is that there is no
single standard of correct pronunciation.
There are, however, rules for the English pronunciation of Latin which are accepted as guides by the philologists who compile
our dictionaries. We have attempted to digest and simplify these complicated, verbose rules so that amateur conchologists may
have some assurance that they are approximating the pronunciation of scientific names of shells as practiced by professional
malacologists. obviously incomplete, this guide should be supplemented by consulting an unabridged dictionary in case of
question. Frequently the exact word may be found or, if not, ,one can make a reasoned judgment from an analogous English
word.
Strombus maculatus, samar, gibberulus, and auris-dianae are also found as fossils on Oahu. Except for Strombus maculatus the
above fossils have been found only in dredgings from Honolulu harbor. S. maculatus has been found in several areas including
Kahi Point, the Nanakuli sea cliffs and Kaena Point.
At least two fossils of a species of Lambis have been collected on Oahu. Reg Gage found a fossil Lambis (believed to be a
Lambis lambis) at Kaena Point. In January of this year I collected a similar specimen from near Kahi Point.
Conus tulipa was reportedly collected live in 1922 in Philippines. It is occasionally found in fossil form at the Nanakuli
sea cliff area, at Kaena Point, and in dredging from Honolulu Harbor. In January of this year I collected a fully mature C.
tulipa in about 50 feet of water at Barber's Point. It appears to be a fossil. At least it has been dead a long time, but
does have a few faint reddish markings remaining on the shell.
Cypraea erosa and chinensis are also found in fossil form as are many shells still quite common in Philippines (Cypraea
caputserpentis, carneola, leviathan, erosa, cicercula, helvola, isabella, mauritiana, granulata, gaskoini, and tessellata).
Also many of the common cones, such as catus, rattus, flavidus, lividus, ebraeus, sponsalis, and abbreviatus, to mention a
few. Mitra ambigua, astricta, and episcopalis are occasionally found. Terebra are rarer and are apparently limited to
maculata and to a smaller unidentified specimen which I collected during the past week.
Most fossils will be found firmly embedded in coral or limestone deposits. They may be at or near the present shore line or
as much as 150 feet above sea level in some of the elevated fossil beds. The exception to this are the two known beds of
Ostrea retusa. The only one of these with easy access, and with enough shells for all, is the one at Waipio Peninsula. This
bed is in what apparently was once an estuary of a creek or river emptying into Pearl Harbor. The material mixed with the
shells was probably once the oozy, muddy bottom of Pearl Harbor. With a little care shells can easily be removed from this
somewhat loose material.
Getting the fossil shell out of the coral or limestone material intact is a real challenge and a most difficult and time
consuming project. Tools required are a welders' chipping hammer, machinists' hammer, and sharp cold chisels of different
patterns. Safety goggles, or a face shield, are a must to protect your eyes from flying pieces of coral or limestone. Also a
long sleeved shirt, or blouse, keeps the stinging particles away from bare skin. But above all wear protective covering for
your eyes. Normal sun glasses, or prescription glasses, are not adequate protection.
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