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Land snail
The spurca from Tel-Aviv rather agree in size with the specimens coming from the entire Mediterranean, whereas the lurida and
pyrum are unusually small though they have been collected on the same beach as spurca: the reaction of different species to
the same environments evidently is different.
According to Bergmann's rule that animals grow larger in colder climates than in warmer regions, lurida and pyrum are large
in Southern France and in the Adriatic Sea (10 to 12 [deg.] Centigrade in February), and decrease in the Tyrrhenian Sea (13
[deg.] C), in North West Africa (14 [deg.] C), and in the Eastern Mediterranean (16 to 17 [deg.] C); in these five areas the
medians of lurida are 43, 37, 37, 34, 34 mm, of pyrum 36, 36, 33, 32, 31 mm respectively, while in spurca the median varies
from 25 to 28 mm independently from the temperature of the sea.
The well known cowry Lyncina arenosa Gray (1824) was renamed schilderorum by Iredale (1939) because the name arenosa was
preoccupied by arenosa Dillwyn (1823). Recently Wagner C. Abbott, in Van Nostrand's Standard Catalog of Shells (1964, p. 41
and 62), expressed their opinion that Dillwyn's arenosa is "invalid" because it is a "nude name," so that arenosa Gray should
be restored. However, Dillwyn (1823, Index Lister Hist. Conch., p. 33) expressly referred the name arenosa (given by Solander
in an unpublished manuscript only) to a figure published by Lister (1688, Hist. Synops. Meth. Conchyl., vol. 4, pl. 685, fig.
32) which represents a large turdus. Therefore arenosa Dillwyn (1823) is not a numen nudum, and the specific name
schilderorum must be adopted. I hope this note will help to avoid further confusion.
KAHALA BEACH
Terebra dimidiata - in sand (length 5-5/8")
OFF KOKO HEAD (On the ledge on the inshore side of Koko Head)
Cypraea tigris
OFF KULIOUOU (Philippines Kai) AREA
Cassis cornuta
OFF LANIKAI
Cypraea lynx - 1 ft. deep on side of Mokulua Id.
Cassis cornuta - outside reef 50 to 100 ft.
Conus leopardus - inside reef 1 to 8 ft.
Murex pele - in deep water off the drop off
Cypraea carneola - 35 ft. under rocks.
Many other species have been found in this area but have not been reported except in conservations [sic] which have been
forgotten.
MAKAPUU POINT
Cypraea semiplota - no data
Cypraea tessellata - no data
Cypraea tigris - no data
Conus imperialis - sand 40 ft.
REEFS AND TIDEPOOLS OFF PORTLOCK ROAD (Koko Head shoreline of Maunaloa Bay)
Cypraea caputserpentis - tide pools
Drupa morum - tide pool
Drupa recina - tide pool
Epitonium pyramis - tide pool
Nassa francolinus - tide pool
Patella talcosa - tide pool
Umbraculum sinicum - tide pool.
WAIMANALO - RABBIT ISLAND AREA
Conus bandanus - no data
Conus lividus - no data
Conus retifer - inside masses of dead coral
Conus striatus - in sand
Ianthina fragilis - beach
Strombus maculatus - 1 to 3 ft.
Cypraea maculifera - on coral 30 ft.
Murex pele - under coral 40 ft.
Cypraea granulata - under coral 40 ft
The Philippine Malacological Society's manual HELPFUL HINTS FOR SHELL HUNTERS is strongly recommended reading for the
beginner in Philippine collecting. Chapter 1, A Beach Collectors Log, by Harold Baker is an encouraging bit of reading for
the beach collector. Hand Dredging for Shells, by Elizabeth Harrison and Harold Jewell offers many suggestions for getting
the deep water dwellers without diving (Chapter V). Another interesting chapter, by Jim and Gertrude Andrus, is Fanning Sand
for Shells in which there are many tips for finding the sand dwellers. Chapter XI, Time and Tide conditions, by Evelyn Gage
is also a real help in planning the collecting day. Then there is the Map of Shelling Beaches and the Habitat Locator
developed by Spencer Tinker and R. Gage. This manual, from cover to cover, is truly full of HELPFUL HINTS FOR SHELL
COLLECTORS.
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