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Troca male
To illustrate all forms and color variants of P. l. humphreysi would require several plates, and only some have been
illustrated here.
If a new prior name should come to light which would invalidate Gray's C. humphreysi because of primary homonymy or
chronological precedence, only then would C. l. yaloka take its place; in the meantime, however, C. l. yaloka is a junior
synonym of humphreysi (Gray) and does not even merit to be retained as a "form" name.
I have been asked to comment on the opinion of Prof. Dr. F. A. Schilder (Cowry, 1964, 1(7):103) that "The name of the
West-American species allied to Luria isabella Linnaeus, 1758 is mexicana Stearns, 1893, and not (as many modern American
conchologists write) isabellamexicana." Schilder's comment was prompted by our statement: (Emerson and Old, 1963, Amer. Mus.
Novitates, no. 2136, p. 6)"...the component words of an originally proposed compound name are to be united without a hyphen,
and the name is to be treated as originally published in that form," which was based on Articles 26a and 32c(i) of the
current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Actually Schilder and I agree on the taxonomic status of Stearns' taxon, which was proposed as "Cypraea (Luponia)
isabella-mexicana" (Stearns, 1893, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 16(941): 348, 352), but we disagree on the nomenclatural status of
this taxon, because of differing interpretations of the above mentioned provisions of the Code. We both concur in the belief
that Stearns' taxon is a distinct species which is closely related to Cypraea isabella Linné of the Indo-Pacific fauna.
Schilder, however, cites Stearns' taxon as {Cypraea} mexicana, believing that " 'Cypraea isabella-mexicana' is to be regarded
as a ternary designation of the subspecies mexicana belonging to the species isabella." Whereas I cite Stearns' taxon as
{Cypraea} isabellamexicana, following a literal interpretation of the Code.
Official interpretations of the provisions of the Code must be based on decisions made by all the members of the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, and until this matter has been decided by this body, students must use
their own judgment, based on objective criteria, in interpreting the Code.
"We need another and a wiser and perhaps a more mystical concept of animals. Remote from universal nature, and living by
complicated artifice, man in civilization surveys the creatures through the glass of his knowledge and sees thereby a feather
magnified and the whole image in distortion. We patronize them for their incompleteness, for their tragic fate of having
taken form so far below ourselves. And therein we err, and greatly err. For the animal shall not be measured by man. In a
world older and more complete than ours they move finished and complete, gifted with extensions of the senses we have lost or
never attained, living by voices we shall never hear. They are not brethren, they are not underlings; they are other nations,
caught with ourselves in the net of life and time, fellow prisoners of the splendour and travail of the earth."
Animals, including mollusks, are not living on this earth for the benefit of man, they are here for their own benefit. We
have no right to kill them unless we must do so for a good purpose. This argument applies to all species whether common or
rare. Thoughtful research on population structure often demands the collection of relatively large, representative,
population samples. And of course, if mollusks are needed for food we must gather them in quantity. But without a worthwhile
need we are under an obligation not to collect more than a very few living specimens, and preferably none at all.
Wide acceptance of this viewpoint would surely lead to effective conservation. Alison Kay's motto "Look but don't touch" is
excellent and should be adopted by everyone.
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